Journal of Clinical Epigenetics Open Access

The Diagnostics and Prognostic Biomarker Applications Used in Osteoporosis

Michel de Ghelderode^* Department of Clinical Epigenetics, University of Liege, Belgium
^*Correspondence: Michel de Ghelderode, Department of Clinical Epigenetics, University of Liege, Belgium, Email:

Received: 01-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. IPJCE-22-14435; Editor assigned: 03-Aug-2022, Pre QC No. IPJCE-22-14435(PQ); Reviewed: 17-Aug-2022, QC No. IPJCE-22-14435; Revised: 22-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. IPJCE-22-14435(R); Published: 29-Aug-2022, DOI: 10.21767/2472-1158.8.8.38

Introduction

The etiology of allergic rhinitis is associated with genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is an advanced technique in the field of molecular genetics and is closely related to Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in large populations with allergic diseases. Many recent studies have addressed the role of epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and changes in miRNA levels in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. This review article summarizes the genetics and epigenetics of allergic rhinitis, including information on the function and importance of known and newly discovered genes. It also suggests directions for future genetic and epigenetic studies of allergic rhinitis.

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome is believed to be a multifactorial disease in which underlying genetic predisposition, epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental factors contribute to the etiology. In the past five years, the first genome-wide association study in Pss has been completed. The strongest association signals reside within HLA genes, whereas the non-HLA genes IRF5 and STAT4 show consistent associations across multiple ethnic groups, albeit with smaller effect sizes. The majority of genetic risk variants are found in intergenic regions and their functional significance is largely unknown. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs play a role in pss pathogenesis through regulatory effects on gene expression, representing a dynamic link between genomic and phenotypic expression. There is a possibility that this article provides an overview of the genetic studies published so far and our current understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms of Primary Sjogren’s syndrome.

Description

Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur following external stimuli, exacerbating inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neuropathy. Suggest that it may contribute to the risk of developing multiple diseases, including This review addresses the detrimental effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, carotenoids), obesity and its complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, and chronic stress. A summary of current knowledge, air pollution and chemical exposure in inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFAs, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, and polyphenols and the role of more systematic movements. It’s been discussed.

Osteoporosis is a common form of metabolic bone disease that is costly to treat and is diagnosed primarily based on bone mineral density. As the influence of genetic lesions and environmental factors in the pathological progression of osteoporosis is increasingly studied, regulated epigenetics has emerged as an important pathogenic mechanism of osteoporosis. Recently, genome-wide association studies and multi-omics techniques for osteoporosis have shown that dysregulation of susceptibility loci and epigenetic modifiers are key factors in osteoporosis. Over the past decade, extensive research has identified epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone/ chromatin modifications and non-coding RNAs as potential factors in osteoporosis that influence disease development and progression. Here, we review recent advances in osteoporosis epigenetics, with a focus on exploring the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and potential diagnostic/prognostic biomarker applications.

Conclusion

Epigenetic changes affect various physiological and pathological conditions in the human body. Recent advances in skin epigenetic research have led to the recognition of the importance of epigenetic modifications in skin diseases. Dermatosarcoma is a refractory skin cancer and there are no curative treatment options for advanced forms of dermatosarcoma. This review article describes the detailed molecular effects of epigenetic modifications on cutaneous sarcomas such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, angiosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. We also describe the application of epigenetic targeted therapy for cutaneous sarcoma.