Research in Genes and Proteins Open Access

Genetic Disorders: A Major Issue in Living Being

IshmailAbdus-Saboor^* Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, USA
^*Correspondence: IshmailAbdus-Saboor, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, USA, Email:

Received: 28-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. rgp-22-12361; Editor assigned: 31-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. rgp-22-12361 (PQ); Reviewed: 14-Feb-2022, QC No. rgp-22-12361; Revised: 21-Feb-2022, Manuscript No. rgp-22-12361 (R); Published: 28-Feb-2022, DOI: 10.21767/rgp.3.1.22

Description

A genetic disorder is a form of disease that is caused by a mutation or change in DNA sequence which is different from the regular sequence. Genes are sections present in DNA that are found in human cell. The combinations of the chemical compounds present in the DNA result in 20000 various patterns of genes. The genetic codes represent the various traits that are present in human being and vary from one person to other. Types of genetic disorders include monogenic, multifactorial, chromosomal damage that cause numerous abnormalities in the genome. Multifactorial disorders result in cleft lip or palate and further the person suffers with various health problems like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases during their middle or old age. The best way to control or prevent the genetic disorder from its occurrence is to discuss the family history of a woman along with their husband to a doctor before planning their pregnancy. Therefore this gives a clear idea for the mother and father of the challenges they are going to face after the birth of their children and get prepared mentally, physically and financially and help themselves and their children in leading a smooth and comfortable lifestyle along with the regular children and regular parents present in the society. Gene mutations occur before development of embryo or in some cases it can be autosomal recessive inheritance or Genetic disorder is called a hereditary when it’s inherited from one or both parents caused mainly by X or Y chromosomal mutations and even due to changes in mitochondrial DNA. Genetic disorders can also be associated with environmental factors and changes in the lifestyles. Disorders that are known as complex disorders don’t consist a specific pattern of inheritance and their occurrence is unpredictable in the families with faulty genes.

Therefore it is impossible to predict the risk of occurrence in inheriting disorders. Genetic abnormalities also depend on the miscarriages or even the old age of a woman. It also includes chromosomal abnormality in family history and birth defects in previous pregnancies or births. Genetic disorders even occur spontaneously without inheritance but they occur when there is damage of genetic material present in the sperm, egg and embryo by exposure to external factors like intake of chemical supplements, excessive x-rays during pregnancy, alcohol and drugs. These can be prevented by identification of improper genes in patients thereby suggesting the appropriate treatments. During pregnancy a woman are tested for genetic disorders but its mandatory when both the parents have inherent diseases or faulty genes in their family. The particular gene that is abnormal might be the reason for occurrence of birth defects in the foetus but the experts believe that birth disfigurements generally occurs only in the times of exposure of foetus to certain like drugs or medicines or alcohol which hinder the regular growth patterns of the baby during pregnancy. Numerous commonly known birth impairments such as deformations in the heart are inherited mostly due to external environment exposure despite the fact that inheritable diseases are transferred among successive generations.

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to the journal editor and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.