Gynecology & Obstetrics Case report Open Access

Editorial

Cancer the word being familiar is the second largest death causing disease on this planet. It can actually start from any part of the body. As we know our body is made up of number of cells which perform their respective activities, the cells in our body have a certain lifespan and after their death our body generates new cells to replace the old ones. Normal cells grow faster as the person and eventually they stop growing and only regenerate once the cells are old and about to die. These cells grow naturally and rupture when they become old. But there are some abnormal cells too that multiply and regenerate the way they shouldn’t making a bulk of tissues called as tumours which can either be cancerous or non-cancerous too. These tumour cells spread to different healthy cells damaging it and making it new tumours.

These tumours can actually be differentiated as benign and malignant tumours. Benign tumours are not that harmful and don’t spread to other cells or tissues. Cancer is always named after the part of the body from where it is developed and later on spreads to different parts of the body. There are many tests to diagnose and examine the cancer but definite diagnosis is made by the biopsy of sample suspected from particular part of the body. The incidence of cancer and cancer types can be influenced by many factors like age, gender, and genetics.

Cervical cancer as the name suggests is a type of cancer that starts from the cervix of a female body. Cervix is that part of a female body that connects the vagina to the upper part of the uterus. Cervical cancer begins in the cell lining of the cervix with unusual changes in the tissue. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) is the major cause for the carcinoma of the cervix and the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. This is a sexually transmitted virus and sexual active people are in risk to get infected with the virus. More than 100 types of HPV can occur among which 13 to 14 types can actually cause cervical cancer. It is a very relevant cancer and is the second most common cancer among the females. The best thing about this cancer is that it can be prevented and cured at an early stage. It is also seen that only two types of strains can actually be prevented with HPV vaccine whereas other strains can still be harmful. Early vaccination of females at the age of 9 – 14 is a great initiative to protect oneself from getting affected with the HPV virus. Early cervical cancer may or may not show signs and symptoms but it can always be prevented with regular HPV tests to find any kind of symptom and treat them at the earliest.

Lack of knowledge about the cervical cancer in the lower areas makes it clear to spread well. From different studies it is seen that lack of knowledge, early marriage, and multiple partners makes a woman body vulnerable to the virus. Lack of hospital awareness and ignoring the symptoms out of fear and shyness is leading the increase of infection. Cervical cancer is the 4^th most frequently occurring cancer worldwide with a 7.5% of death rates. The most important advance in cervical cancer screening is broader use of the Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) and high-risk HPV testing. Regular screening of the cervix can help one to prevent and take crucial measures against the virus at an earlier stage. Whereas cervical cancer is most effectively treated and prevented type of cancer if diagnosed at an earlier stage.