Journal of HIV & Retro Virus Open Access

Impact on case Studies of AIDS

JK Rowling^* Department of HIV, University of John Hopkins, United Kingdom
^*Correspondence: JK Rowling, Department of HIV, University of John Hopkins, United Kingdom, Email:

Received: 02-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. IPJHRV-22- 13249; Editor assigned: 04-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. IPJHRV-22- 13249 (PQ); Reviewed: 18-Mar-0202, QC No. IPJHRV-22- 13249; Revised: 22-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. IPJHRV-22- 13249 (R); Published: 29-Mar-2022, DOI: 10.21767/2471-9676.8.2.10

Introduction

Histoplasma capsulatum is an environmental fungus that causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients in endemic areas, but is rare in Europe. It shares clinical features with other opportunistic infections and lymphoproliferative disorders that are common in AIDS patients. The World Health Organization includes histoplasma antigen testing on its list of mandatory in-vitro diagnostic medical devices, but it is not routinely available in non-epidemic countries. As a result, fungal disease can be a major challenge for clinicians in non-epidemic countries.

Cervical abscesses occur in the tissue space between the fascia of the neck. The rapid spread of these abscesses can have fatal consequences. Describes a case of a deep cervical abscess caused by Parvimonas micra. He was referred to our department complaining of sore throat and neck. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic region in the cervical interstitial space.

Description

Although it is well known that Cryptosporidium spp. Causes chronic refractory diarrhea in patients suffering from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, extraintestinal symptoms are rarely reported. Here we report a rare case of isolated pulmonary cryptosporidium disease in a 75-year-old HIV-negative patient with metastatic gastric cancer who was conservatively treated with hemostatic radiation therapy for palliative care. The patient suffered from a cough with sputum for 2 months. Microscopy of sputum suggested pulmonary cryptosporidium disease.

Kaposi’s sarcoma is the most common AIDS related malignancies. Kaposi’s sarcoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx appears as a yellow spot, papule, or nodular lesion on the palate, gums, or tongue and may appear pink, reddish, or purplish. Kaposi’s sarcoma of the tonsils is relatively rare compared to other parts of the oral cavity and oropharynx. We report a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma of the tonsils with massive bleeding that requires an emergency tracheostomy to protect the airways and subsequently requires tonsillectomy to control bleeding. Our first diagnosis was hemangiomas or pyogenic granuloma.

AIDS-Related Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (ARPCNSL) is a disease that defines AIDS that normally occurs when the CD4 count is less than 50 cells / μL. In the era of High Activity Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), the frequency of this disease has decreased significantly. The prognosis is poor, and if left untreated, it progresses rapidly and dies within 23 months.

Plasmablastic Lymphoma (PBL) is a non-Hodgkin associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characterized by an association with Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), aggressive properties, and plasma cell / plasmablast differentiation. A rare subtype of lymphoma [1-5].

Conclusion

The overall stability of the steady state and the uniform persistence of the disease have been shown. Sensitivity analysis shows that some parameters have a significant effect on the value of , and that interventional measures play an important role in intervention of HIV infection at the population level. In addition, numerical simulations suggest that interventions at the individual and group levels are very effective in controlling transmission.

The survey reports the results of an ethnographic survey (2016–2019) of men living in informal settlements in the city of Kabalagala, Kampala. This study included long-term participant observations in and around the research community. Thematic analysis was used to assess aspects of the risk environment and their impact on HIV / AIDS in male partners of sex workers.

Acknowledgement

None

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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