Commentary Article - (2023) Volume 7, Issue 1
Received: 01-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. IPRJO-23-16140 ; Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2023, Pre QC No. IPRJO-23-16140 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-Mar-2023, QC No. IPRJO-23-16140 ; Revised: 22-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. IPRJO-23-16140 (R); Published: 29-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.36648/iprjo-7.1.08
Current models have limitations in maintaining the cellular and mutational diversity of the parental tumor and require extended generation times. A human brain organoid glioma cancer model. This allows direct and continuous microscopic observation of tumor development. Transformed cells rapidly become invasive, disrupting surrounding organoid structures and overwhelming entire organoids. Furthermore, we show that human organoid-derived tumor cell lines or primary human patient- derived glioblastoma. Cell lines can be transplanted into human brain organoids to establish infiltrating tumor-like structures. Our results demonstrate the potential of using organoids as a platform to test human cancer phenotypes that recapitulate key aspects of malignancy. Glioblastoma organoids can be generated rapidly and with high fidelity and exhibit rapid and aggressive invasion when transplanted into the adult rodent brain. Furthermore, by correlating the mutational profile of glioblastoma organoids with their response to specific drugs and modeling chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, glioblastoma to test personalized therapies demonstrate the usefulness of organoids. Our study demonstrates that glioblastoma organoids retain many key features of glioblastoma and can be rapidly deployed to study patient-specific therapeutic strategies. Additionally, our Live Biobank represents a wealth of resources for basic and translational research in glioblastoma.
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumor with only a modest improvement in survival prospects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced drug screening platforms and systems that can better reproduce the invasive biology of glioblastoma. Recent advances in stem cell biology have enabled the creation of artificial three-dimensional brain-like tissues called brain organoids. Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults and is almost always fatal. Despite an improved understanding of the various mechanisms underlying treatment failure, the standard of care has remained unchanged over the past two decades, indicating a large unmet need. The challenges in treating glioblastoma are multiple, with inappropriate drug or agent delivery across the blood-brain barrier, abundant intra and inter-tumor heterogeneity, redundant signalling pathways, and an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
It is characterized by morphological, genetic and genetic heterogeneity. The current standard of care is maximal surgical excision followed by radiation therapy and combination and adjuvant chemotherapy. Due to their heterogeneity, most tumours develop resistance to therapy and transiently recur. After recurrence, glioblastoma is almost always fatal. This article describes the basic pathophysiology of glioblastoma, with a focus on clinically relevant genetic and molecular alterations and potential targets for further drug development.
In glioblastoma, the tumor microenvironment is critical to support tumor progression and therapy resistance. The tumor microenvironment is composed of multiple types of stromal, endothelial, and immune cells that are recruited by cancer stem cells to affect phenotype and behaviour. Tumor microenvironment also plays an important role in chemo-resistance of glioblastoma by interfering with the expression and activity of genes associated with angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, oxidative stress, immune escape and multidrug resistance. Helps establish certain conditions such as hypoxia and acidosis. Finally, the blood-brain barrier, which isolates the brain microenvironment from the blood, is strongly associated with the drug-resistant phenotype of glioblastoma and represents a major physical and physiological barrier to delivery.
None.
The author’s declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Citation: Jun W (2023) Glioblastoma Organoids Response to T-Cell Immunotherapy. Res J Onco. 7:08.
Copyright: © 2023 Jun W. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
