Opinion - (2022) Volume 6, Issue 1
Received: 03-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. IPJDRE-22-12590; Editor assigned: 05-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. IPJDRE-22-12590(PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jan-2022, QC No. IPJDRE-22-12590; Revised: 24-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. IPJDRE-22-12590(R); Published: 31-Jan-2022, DOI: 10.36648/09768610.6.1.001.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by the chronic hyperglycemia that results in insulin secretion, insulin resistance and insulin action. It may also have the effects in metabolic abnormalities like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Low levels of this insulin may target the insulin resistance of targeted tissues; Skeletal muscle (which helps in promoting the energy or other fuel sources in the body), adipose tissues (this is an endocrine organ which can influence both the lipid and glucose metabolism), these can promote the synthetic lipid metabolism after the releasing of insulin signaling[ 2]. When the level of insulin receptors are lesser or extent signal transduction system or these effector enzymes or any genes are responsible for those metabolic abnormalities. Increasing in the levels of blood glucose in the body leads to the serious damage to the kidneys, heart, blood vessels and eyes.
Insulin mainly secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. These pancreatic β cells dysfunctions is an important role in the diabetes mellitus Type I and II. Insulin is synthesized by the preproinsulin (biologically inactive precursors to the biologically active sites in insulin) and later on it process to proinsulin (substance that is converted to the insulin).
Type I: It is an autoimmune disease which is characterized by insulin deficiency and that results in hyperglycemia. Primarily it is found in young adults or young age persons with the insulin deficiency. Over the past 25 years diabetes is rapidly increasing in India. Type 1 is a condition which the body produces less amount of insulin or no insulin. Researchers found that according to our own body immune system type 1 will not occur more in humans. One more important reason is due to genetics and climatic conditions there is no chance of observing type I diabetes.
Type II: In worldwide Approximately 400 million people are suffering from diabetes. In recent surveys says that around 200 million are undiagnosed diabetes, but still having with that disease conditions and symptoms. this disease is associate with high mortality and morbidity rate.
Difference between Type I and Type II: In type I cells attacks the body and body does not produce sufficient insulin. Whereas in type II the body is not able to produce insulin properly. Type I; no particular symptoms, type II; some risk factors and some effects we can able to identify. Symptoms can be seen more easy and quickly in type I, delay and difficult to slow observation in type II, we can manage type I by taking the insulin to body, and that is the only way to manage but in type II there are so many ways e.g., insulin, medication, exercise, diet plan. At last there is no cure for this type I; type II can be cured and there are many evidenced based cases for prevention and cure.
Patients who have recently been diagnosed with diabetes should enrol in a comprehensive diabetes self-management education programme that includes individualised instruction on nutrition, physical activity, metabolic control, and avoiding complications. In clinical trials comparing diabetes education to usual care, patients who received the diabetes education intervention had a small but statistically significant reduction in A1C. The use of mobile phone interventions for diabetes education was found to be effective in lowering A1C in two meta- analyses (-0.5 percentage points)
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