Perspective - (2021) Volume 6, Issue 6
Received: 03-Dec-2021 Published: 24-Dec-2021
Cancer prevention is the practice of taking proactive steps to reduce the incidence and death of cancer. Individual efforts to improve lifestyle and seek preventative screening, as well as macroeconomic or public policy related to cancer prevention all have a role in cancer prevention. Because of its application to broad populations, ability to reduce long-term impacts of cancer by promoting proactive health skills and procedures, and anticipated cost-effectiveness and viability for all socioeconomic groups, transnational cancer prevention is seen as a vital goal.
The majority of cancer cases are caused by environmental contamination that is passed down through the generations as epigenetic damage, and many, but not all, of these environmental causes are within our control. Tobacco, overweight/obesity/obesity, an inadequate diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, sexually transmitted illnesses, and air pollution are all risk factors that can be avoided. Some environmental causes, such as naturally existing background radiation, are uncontrollable, and other cancers are caused by hereditary genetic abnormalities. In the future, current gene editing techniques could be used as preventative measures. Future preventive screening approaches can also be enhanced by reducing invasiveness and enhancing specificity by taking into account individual biologic make-up, commonly known as "population-based individualised cancer screening."
Chemotherapy (abbreviated as chemo, CTX, or CTx) is a cancer treatment that involves the administration of one or more anticancer medications (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy protocol. Chemotherapy can be given with the goal of curing cancer (which almost always requires a combination of drugs) or with the goal of extending life or reducing symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the most important aspects of medical oncology, which is the discipline of medicine that deals with cancer medication.
Chemotherapy is evolved to symbolize its use of non-specific intracellular poisons to obstruct mitosis (cell division) or cause DNA damage, which is why DNA repair inhibition can be employed alongside chemotherapy. Chemotherapy's negative connotation hinders the development of more targeted drugs that interrupt extracellular signals (signal transduction). Hormonal therapies limit growth-promoting signals from conventional endocrine hormones by specifically targeting molecular or genetic targets (primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer). Various inhibitions of growth signals, such as those related to receptor tyrosine kinases, are referred to as targeted therapy.
Importantly, drugs (whether chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy) are classified as systemic cancer therapy because they are injected into the circulation and so have the ability to treat cancer throughout the body. Systemic therapy is frequently used in concert with other cancer therapies classed as local therapy (i.e., treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic location in which they are administered), such as radiation therapy, surgery, or hyperthermia therapy.
Traditional chemotherapeutic medications kill cancer cells by interfering with cell division (mitosis), however cancer cell susceptibility varies widely. Chemotherapy can be seen as a way to harm or stress cells, which can result in cell death if apoptosis is induced. Damage to normal cells that divide quickly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic medications, such as cells in the bone marrow, digestive system, and hair follicles, is responsible for many of the diseases. As a result, the following are the most prevalent chemotherapy side effects: Myelosuppression (lower blood cell production, resulting in immunosuppression), mucositis (inflammation of the digestive tract lining), and baldness (hair loss).Due to their influence on immune cells (especially lymphocytes), chemotherapy drugs are widely utilised in a variety of illnesses characterised by harmful immune system over activity toward self (so-called autoimmunity). Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, and other autoimmune diseases are among them.
Citation: Hamid pour (2021) A Brief Note on Cancer Prevention and Chemotherapy. J Cancer Epidemiol Prev. Vol.6 No.6:009.
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
