Fabrizio Olivito
Lignocellulosic materials are widespread in nature and cellulose represents the main component.1 Due to the high stability of this natural polymer, the depolymerisation and/or conversion into useful materials, under mild conditions, is still a challenge today.2,3 Our research group recently developed a new approach for the contemporary cellulose depolymerisation and fictionalization into bio-oil and cellulose-citrate, under short times, solvent free conditions and atmospheric pressure.4Cellulose is mixed with citric acid at the melting point of the acid. After the reaction time, bio-oil is extracted with a common organic solvent, while esterifies cellulose is collected as a solid. The open air system and the three acidic functionalities of citric acid lead cellulose depolymerisation. The obtained oil is composed mainly of furan compounds, recovered in excellent yields. Chemical characterization of this bio-oil was carried out. Cellulose hydrolysis is accompanied by an etherification reaction and the product in the form of cellulose-citrate was also collected in high yields and characterized. A computational study of the mechanism was also investigated. This reaction represents an important breakthrough in the field of biomass conversion, because two useful materials are produced from cellulose, by a green, fast and safe approach. Citric acid is a mild organic acid that is widely abundant in nature. Bio-oil can be converted into fuel additives while cellulose citrate with its thermoplastic properties can be used as a biodegradable material for many purposes.
