Lumpy skin disease is a viral cross border sickness that affects cattle and domestic water buffaloes across Africa. Since 2012, the illness has expanded swiftly and widely in the Middle East, the Balkans, the Southern Caucasus, and portions of Russia. Despite the implementation of control and eradication efforts, the illness continued to spread from area to region before vaccination programmes had their full impact. Within a short amount of time, the illness might arise hundreds of kilometers away from the initial (focal) epidemic areas. These incursions have inspired long-overdue renewed scientific interest in LSD, resulting in the beginning of a new investigation into several aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, transmission mechanisms, and risk factors. Long-distance spread of LSDV appears to occur through infected animal migration, but differing seasonal patterns suggest that arthropod borne transmission is most likely responsible for the disease's quick and aggressive short distance spread. Understanding the mechanics of LSDV transmission will allow for more focused and successful viral containment and eradication efforts. The manner of vector borne illness transmission is most likely mechanical, although no convincing evidence supports or refutes this idea. According to new studies, the ubiquitous, synanthropic house fly, Musca domestic, may also play a role in LSDV transmission, but this has yet to be proven in a clinical setting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathology, clinical signs, diagnosis, control, and management of LSD in India.
Published Date: 2023-04-20; Received Date: 2023-02-13
